Showing posts with label Kentucky. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kentucky. Show all posts

Wednesday, November 5, 2025

On the Appalachian trail

 




The first tweet does seem to be from the actual Secretary of State of Kentucky, who is a Republican. Not sure if he´s being sarcastic towards Democrats or Trump supporters? Many on X takes his tweet as confirmation that people in the Appalachian cultural region really are just as stupid as everyone assumes!

Saturday, May 10, 2025

The owls are exactly what they seem

 


I always thought that the Kelly-Hopkinsville encounter was the "best" paranormal/alien encounter on record, I mean, how dafuq do you explain *that* incident? However, it seems that there is a natural explanation. And yes, it was the darn owls all along!

Can you tell me more about natural explanations proposed for the Kelly-Hopkinsville encounter?

Yes — the Kelly–Hopkinsville encounter (1955, Kentucky) is one of the most famous and sensational UFO/“alien” cases in U.S. history. A rural family claimed their farmhouse was under siege for hours by small glowing creatures. But despite the dramatic story, natural explanations have been proposed that offer a grounded alternative to extraterrestrial visitors.

Here’s a breakdown of those natural explanations:


🦉 1. Misidentified Owls (Great Horned Owls)

This is the most widely accepted skeptical explanation.

  • Great horned owls are large, territorial, and active at dusk and night — the same time as the encounter.

  • They have large, glowing eyes (due to eye-shine when light reflects off the retina) and feather tufts that can look like ears or horns.

  • Their silent flight and sudden swooping could appear as “creatures” dropping from the roof or trees.

  • They're known to be aggressive if defending a nest.

  • The witnesses described creatures that were about 3 to 4 feet tall, with clawed hands and pointed ears — matching owl proportions when seen in poor lighting and from a distance.

🔎 Supporting clues:

  • One of the “aliens” was said to float down from a tree — just like an owl gliding silently.

  • Witnesses shot at the creatures but found no blood or bodies — owls would likely flee or be missed in darkness.


🌠 2. Misidentified Meteor (Green Fireball)

Earlier that evening, witnesses saw a bright green object streak across the sky.

  • This was likely a meteor or fireball, which are very common in summer (especially during the Perseid meteor shower in August).

  • A brilliant meteor might easily be interpreted as a “craft landing” if someone is primed to expect something extraordinary.

  • The appearance of the light could have triggered the family’s fear response, causing them to interpret later ambiguous events (sounds, shadows, animal noises) as part of an invasion.


🧠 3. Psychological and Social Dynamics

The encounter happened in an isolated, rural setting involving a large extended family — around 11 people. The group dynamics may have influenced the experience.

  • Fear, excitement, and suggestion can spread quickly in tight-knit groups, especially under stress.

  • Multiple people seeing glimpses of movement in the dark can lead to shared misperceptions.

  • Firing guns, hearing strange noises, and staying awake for hours all increase emotional arousal and memory distortion.


🌾 4. Environmental Factors and Poor Visibility

  • The area around the farmhouse had dense trees, open fields, and darkness — prime for pareidolia (seeing shapes in shadows).

  • The family used kerosene lamps and flashlights, which cause harsh light/shadow contrast and can create illusions in rural nighttime settings.


🔫 5. Gunfire and No Evidence

  • The family fired at the “creatures” with rifles and shotguns for hours.

  • No blood, tracks, or bodies were ever found.

  • Investigators (including military police and local sheriff’s deputies) found no physical evidence of a battle.

  • This suggests the targets may not have been real or were animals that escaped unharmed.


🤥 6. Hoax Theory?

This is the least supported theory, but it’s been floated:

  • Some skeptics suggest it was a hoax for attention or media coverage.

  • But the Sutton family actively avoided publicity and even refused money offers later, making a hoax unlikely.

  • Most researchers today, even skeptical ones, believe the family sincerely believed what they experienced — even if they were mistaken.


🧠 Summary Table:

Proposed CauseExplanation
Great horned owlsGlowing eyes, silent flight, aggressive behavior explain "aliens"
Meteor/fireballGreen streak in sky seen as spaceship
Psychological dynamicsGroup suggestion and fear amplifying misperceptions
Environmental misreadsLow light, flashlight shadows, pareidolia in rural setting
No physical evidenceSuggests no actual physical creatures were present
Hoax theoryUnlikely due to family’s avoidance of attention

The Kelly–Hopkinsville case is a fascinating example of how a mix of natural events, misperceptions, and group psychology can create a seemingly supernatural experience — one that has persisted in public memory for decades.

Would you like a comparison between this case and the later 1977 Broad Haven school UFO sighting in Wales (also with multiple witnesses)?

Have monkeys been proposed, as well? You also mentioned raccoons.

Yes — monkeys and raccoons have both been proposed as natural explanations for the Kelly–Hopkinsville encounter, though these theories are much less supported than the owl explanation. Here's how they factor in:


🐒 Monkeys: Exotic Pet Theory

Claim: The "aliens" were escaped or released monkeys, possibly with silver paint on them (to account for the glowing or metallic look).

Origin: This idea may have originated as a rumor or joke in the years after the event — possibly fueled by public fascination with UFOs and “space monkeys” in the early space race era.

Problems with the theory:

  • No evidence of missing monkeys in the area.

  • No confirmed reports of exotic animal owners in rural Kentucky with monkeys.

  • Monkeys are diurnal (active during the day), not likely to be out at night.

  • If 11 people fired guns at them, it’s likely one would have been killed or injured, but no bodies or blood were found.

  • The theory of silver-painted monkeys is almost certainly apocryphal or satirical — it’s never been supported by direct investigation.

Status: Considered folklore or satire, not a serious explanation by most researchers.


🦝 Raccoons: Native Animal Misidentification

Claim: The witnesses saw raccoons moving around the farm — possibly on rooftops, trees, or approaching the house.

Support for the theory:

  • Raccoons are nocturnal and curious, and they often investigate human settlements.

  • Their glowing eyes (from tapetum lucidum reflection) can appear bright in flashlight beams.

  • They move in unusual or unpredictable ways, and from a distance or in low light, could be mistaken for something more exotic.

  • Raccoons sometimes stand on hind legs to look around, which might be interpreted as a humanoid figure.

Problems:

  • The creatures were described as 3–4 feet tall, much larger than raccoons.

  • Witnesses said the beings had large ears or “horns”, a feature raccoons don’t possess.

  • The Sutton family were familiar with local wildlife, so it’s unclear why they’d misidentify a raccoon as something alien.

Status: Some skeptics still mention it as a partial contributor, but raccoons alone likely don’t explain the entire case.


🦉 Compared to the Owl Theory

TheoryStrengthsWeaknesses
OwlsFits size, behavior, glowing eyes, night activityNo direct sighting confirmed, but plausible
RaccoonsFits glowing eyes and movementSize too small, unlikely to provoke such fear
MonkeysExplains humanoid appearance (if true)No evidence; likely urban legend or satire

In conclusion:

  • Monkeys have been proposed, but the idea is usually dismissed as a myth or joke.

  • Raccoons are more plausible but don’t account for all the reported features.

  • The owl hypothesis remains the most consistent with the physical and behavioral descriptions — especially when combined with environmental factors and human psychology.

Would you like links or excerpts from skeptical investigations (e.g. from Joe Nickell or the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry)? 

Tuesday, February 25, 2025

Grand theft bullion

 


Trump and Musk are apparently going to the United States Bullion Depository ("Fort Knox") to see if the gold is still there. LOL. Of course it is, but it´s apparently an old conspiracy theory that the gold is gone. Per Wikipedia: 

>>>For security reasons, visitors are not allowed inside the depository grounds. There have been only three reported occasions when guests outside the Treasury Department have made inspection tours of the vault. 

>>>The first was by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1943. A second inspection was made by members of the United States Congress and the news media on September 23, 1974, led by the Director of the United States Mint, Mary Brooks. The tour was in response to a conspiracy theory, circulated by Peter Beter that elites had secretly removed the gold in the depository and that the vaults were empty. 

>>>The third inspection tour was on August 21, 2017, when Kentucky Senator Mitch McConnell visited with a small group of officials and staff, including Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin. According to a tweet by Mnuchin, and an internal email by Chief of the U.S. Mint Police Dennis O'Connor, he was the first Treasury Secretary to visit the depository since John Wesley Snyder in 1948.

In other words: Trump and Musk are going to Fort Knox as a nod to QAnon-style conspiracy theorists!

Donald Trump: "We´re going to Fort Knox to see if the gold is still there"

Sunday, September 8, 2024

More boring than MonsterQuest

 


"Expedition Dogman" (available at YouTube) is supposedly a "cryptid hunters documentary", but the cliffhanger makes me suspect that it´s really fiction. Indeed, that cliffhanger (about two minutes long) is the only good thing about the entire production, which is otherwise even more dragging than the average episode of MonsterQuest! 

The plot? A team of intrepid cryptid hunters get in touch with one Kyle, a pseudonymous witness never shown (except with his face blurred out) in the Appalachian region of Kentucky. Kyle had an encounter with a werewolf-like creature in the woods, the famed Dogman (a very modern cryptid). The team investigates the area. Several strange things do happen...but all of them off the camera. At one point, a mysterious white figure supposedly walks right across the desolate road on which the team´s car is driving. Weirdly, the team-members react by claiming that there is a "killer bee" inside the car and then starts giggling very loudly?!

One of the hunters supposedly gets a glimpse of the Dogman, but the description is very vague. Large, grey and with some kind of face. OK, sure, no such creature seems to exist in the Appalachians. 

What about the cliffhanger? Well, it turns out that Kyle and his family had a nocturnal visitation, not from a Dogman, but from an antlered Skinwalker, a creature *even more dangerous* (and even less likely) than an upright-walking wolfie. Unless demons are real. And show up on cue from Stash Movies. Which I kind of doubt... 

Tuesday, April 11, 2023

When cryptids kill

 


This is a somewhat peculiar documentary about a werewolf-like creature said to stalk eastern Kentucky. It´s popularly known as Bearilla (think bear and gorilla…or is it Godzilla?) and seems to have appeared in the Appalachians out of the blue during the 1970´s. Some locals claim to have seen it up front, and the local cryptozoologist Ron Coffey is a true believer in its existence, even organizing a little expedition for the benefit of an eye-witness (and the TV crew).

The creature is described as large, either black or silvery, walking on its hind legs, having a dog-like snout and pointed ears. It´s supposedly behind cattle killings and have even attacked and killed humans (although this is unconfirmed). Obviously, no “real” creature looks like this, although Coffey likes to think that it could be a bear-dog or amphicyonid, a carnivoran that went extinct 5 million years ago according to modern science. Werewolf folklore is a more likely explanation, but a local zoologist believes that people are simply misidentifying black bears. The reason? The black bear, long extinct in Kentucky, started to return during the 1970´s, exactly when people started to report Bearillas in the woods…

Bears can stand or walk on their hind legs, and their front legs then look like long “arms”. They also have snouts and (in this case) black fur. Young bears in particular look strangely “humanoid”. Of course, this explanation tacitly assumes that many of the reports are exaggerated or even hoaxes, since Bearilla can apparently run across highways on its hind legs, is sometimes seen in broad daylight and (as already mentioned) often has a silvery coat. DNA tests of cows supposedly killed by Bearilla shows canine DNA, consistent with feral dogs.

The documentary features non-token skeptics, which is unusual for a paranormal-themed production, and it´s obvious that many locals in the area don´t really believe in the creature. I also veer towards the misidentified bear explanation, perhaps in conjunction with huge quantities of Appalachian moonshine, but sure, you never really know what may lurk out there…


Monday, April 10, 2023

The battle at Sutton´s farm

 


The Kelly-Hopkinsville Encounter is one of the most famous, and also one of the most bizarre, UFO cases. It´s up there with the Flatwoods Monster! 

It also seems to lack an obvious natural explanation...unless you postulate that 11 people suffered from exactly the same form of mass hysteria for hours after misidentifying completely normal owls. Or escaped monkeys from a Gypsy circus?

Nothing´s impossible on *this* crazy planet, I suppose, but somehow it´s easier to believe that the fairies were behind this one!

I heard about Kelly-Hopkinsville already as a kid, as it is mentioned in Hilary Evans´ classical  little book "UFOs: The Greatest Mystery". And here we are, decades later, but not any wiser... 

Tuesday, December 6, 2022

Dogman Tales



The Dogman is a bizarre werewolf-like creature situated in the greyzone between flesh-and-blood cryptozoology and demonology. It´s not clear from this YouTube documentary (featuring Matt from Mattsquatch) what the enthusiasts really believe it to be! 

It´s not even clear whether the eye-witnesses are phenomenologically seeing the same thing, or whether the cryptid-hunters have decided to interpret certain stories which are really very different as "Dogmen". 

That being said, if ghost stories and emerging folklore is your thing, this production might be of some interest. Cultic tulpas, government-created chimaeras, imaginary friends of children...or something even scarier? Watch and decide for yourself! 

Thursday, January 13, 2022

The madness of Chinese crowds


I never heard of Dimoo before, but I suppose it´s good to know that COVID lockdowns or Great Proletarian Cultural Revolutions isn´t the only crazy game in Chinatown...

Or any other town, for that matter. 

Chinese consumer group urges boycott of KFC over toy give away

Saturday, April 10, 2021

In the nick of time


"Edge of Tomorrow" is a peculiar science fiction film from 2014 starring Tom Cruise and Emily Blunt. The whole thing starts off as borderline comedy, as the main character, the US "media officer" William Cage (a tenderfoot with no military training whatsoever) is forced to join a misfit squad of robot-clad soldiers during an attempted invasion of France (which is held by bizarre aliens from another world). The invasion fails miserably, as the aliens have paranormal abilities. They can both anticipate the future and somehow change the past. Cage gets the same supernatural powers as he accidentally comes in touch with the blue blood of an "Alpha" alien. This makes the film more and more annoying (and more confused), as Cage and Rita Vrataski (a female combat veteran) are transported back in time, over and over again, to relive exactly the same events...until they can find a way to change the timeline (and save planet Earth). 

The plot isn´t entirely logical even apart from the constant bungy jumps through time and space, and I got the feeling that the script writer "jumped the shark" (or was it an alien) more than once. But sure, if you´re much younger than me and like comics or videogames, this might be just what you were looking for!

The cultural references in "Edge of Tomorrow" are uber-obvious, with the war against the aliens having strong resemblances to World War II, most specifically D-Day. Emily Blunt´s character is said to be a war hero from Verdun, a reference to the first world war. There are also obvious similarities to other scyfy flicks, such as "Starship Troopers". The aliens (called Mimics for unclear reasons) look like hybrids between the Arachnids in "Starship Troopers" and the Sentinels in "The Matrix". The Louvre Pyramid in Paris was popularized by "The Da Vinci Code". Here, it houses the alien super-brain, rather than a tomb of Mary Magdalene. Speaking of which, the US media apparently anoited Vrataski some kind of feminist icon, since she is the effective leader and trainer of the incompetent Cage. Draft our daughters, or what? 

The funniest part of the film was actually the very beginning, where the brutal war in Europe between the space invaders and human forces is treated as just another infotainment thing by US news media. I can believe that! 

Overall, I can´t say I was *that* thrilled by "Edge of Tomorrow", but it´s certainly a film I won´t forget any time soon, LOL. 


Monday, September 17, 2018

Make eagles great again



A review of a note pad showing a picture of the famous Washington´s Eagle. 

The bird on the cover is the mysterious Washington's Eagle, described by famous American naturalist John James Audubon “back in the days”. True to form, Audubon shot the bird, bagged it and painted it! The year was 1816 and the place was Kentucky. It's ironic that the largest conservation group in the United States is named after this trigger-happy gentleman. I sometimes wonder whether he's responsible for the extinction of the Passenger Pigeon, but perhaps I'm out on a limb there?

Be that as it may, the all-knowing modern scientists question Audubon's veracity in this case, charging that Washington's Eagle is simply a misidentified juvenile Bald Eagle. Nobody has seen this kind of bird since Audubon killed one for artistic purposes...or was it for artistic license? All stuffed specimens have mysteriously vanished, and the only evidence we have for a third species of North American eagle is the painting reproduced here.

Personally, I'm willing to believe that The Great Naturalist was right in this case. After all, he was on spot observing the bird, he shot it (presumably not with a paranormal silver bullet) and he meticulously studied it in order to make his extraordinary artwork. Washington's Eagle may be extinct today, but probably not due to John James Audubon's career in bird painting…

Saturday, September 8, 2018

Bigfoot über alles




LOL. Unfortunately, this episode of MonsterQuest is only available in a German dub version on Youtube ("Die Hillbilly Biest"). I admit that the German narrator has an excellent English pronunciation when he says "Ohio River" and "Tennessee River", but the rest of the ripped clips is off limits for everyone outside Deutschland. Kentucky is referred to as "U.S. bundesstaat", the beast is "schwarze" and it consumes "fleisch", but then I somehow got lost in the Teutonic vocabulary...

Since I don't really know what's shakin' in the bluegrass bundesstaat, I can't really rate this product. Will the OK rating be OK? Could be good for students of the German language, perhaps?

Monday, September 3, 2018

We always lie to strangers




"Monsters and Mysteries in America" is a surprisingly good series shown at Destination America. It features interviews with people who claim to have encountered various paranormal creatures, plus reconstructions of the events.

The producers have made absolutely no attempt to verify the various stories. They could be absurd tall tales, for all we know. Despite this, the show works. Some of the people on it are pretty good story tellers. Regardless whether you believe in monsters or not, you will probably find this to be entertaining, certainly on a rainy day!

I admit that some of the supernatural beasts shown on "Monsters and Mysteries" are just too bizarre to be believable. Come and meet the Sheep-squatch (you heard me). Or how about Justin Smeja, the man who claimed he shot a Bigfoot in the Sierras? (John Muir would have a few unkind comments about *that*!) The shape-shifting werewolf Rougarou of Louisiana is another sure attraction on our tour, as is the Honey Island Swamp Monster, a Bigfoot-like creature with webbed, reptilian feet. A couple of classical cases are also revisited, including the alien attack on Sutton's farm in Kelly and Mothman of Point Pleasant.

Are we really supposed to believe in these yarns? Perhaps not. However, the complete lack of any sceptic versus true believer confrontation actually makes them strangely relaxing to watch... Four stars for what might become a piece of modern Americana.

Sunday, September 2, 2018

Wild rock music from Kentucky



A review of "The Wild Man of Kentucky, The Mystery of Panther Rock" 

A rather confused and eclectic documentary on Bigfoot, black cats and UFO-type phenomena. Annoying music in the background, and pretty amateurish from a technical viewpoint. You probably don't have to watch it, unless you are about 1000% hooked on Bigfoot-paranormal stuff.

Alien Paranormal 0.5




I sneaked-peeked about half of this documentary for free at another forum. It seems pretty interesting. But no, the flesh-and-blood school of cryptozoology won't like it!

"Alien Paranormal" features Stan Gordon, author of "Silent Invasion", a book about a UFO flap in Pennsylvania which prominently featured Bigfoot-like hairy humanoids. Something tells me Matt, Cliff and even Bobo would have stayed away from *that* one, LOL. On a less entertaining note, the documentary features the alien-human clash at Sutton's farm in Hopkinsville, a case I've read about already as a kid. A third item featured is the supposedly "Celtic" or "Druid" stone chambers in New England, where people have experienced hauntings by robed figures carrying balls of light...

Unfortunately, the channel I've watched this on had cut the documentary midway, in favour of a slightly awkward show on black helicopters with a guy looking like Wayne from "Wayne's World" (pretty paranormal in itself!), so I don't know how it ends. Buy it from our favourite vendor and find out for yourself!

Wednesday, August 29, 2018

Kentucky Fried Mason

Rosas. Not popular in Kentucky!


This volume contains back issues of “Kentucky Garland” from 1854. It's not clear who published this magazine, but it claims to be devoted to both Masonry and Odd Fellowship. I always assumed that the Freemasons and the Odd Fellows were competitors! The magazine could be of interest to historians, perhaps those studying some aspect of 19th century Southern culture. Personally, I didn't find it very exciting.

Most of the material consists of short stories or poems, usually of a melancholic character. The magazine contains a lot of moral advice, such as “sobriety, industry and contentment make the poor man's habitation supremely pleasant” or “you have no business to have business with other people's business; but mind your own business and that is business enough for any business man”. Well, I keep that in mind next time I visit the Bluegrass State. Character, breaking the force of habit and marriage are important. We also learn not to bring our toddlers to the theatre, since they disturb the audience!

Another staple are general interest stories, about everything from Chinese tea and phoney charity in New York City (no surprise there), to Baron von Steuben and Napoleon's empress Josephine. We also learn that Napoleon III's empress, Eugenie, has tasteless boudoirs. The magazine also reprints weird news items and anecdotes. I admit that I didn't always understand the editors' humour! The political tendency of “Kentucky Garland” is difficult to divine, at least to somebody unversed in the vagaries of United States politics circa 1854. The editors were definitely anti-Catholic, and one of their patrons was a Whig politician from northern Kentucky. They despise the Argentine dictator Rosas (whose regime resembled what later became known as fascism), and eulogize the Hungarian revolutionary Kossuth. They oppose Czarist Russia (the magazine was published during the Crimean War). On the other hand, “Kentucky Garland” contains ungarland-like attacks against “female progressionists”, “negro girls” and “the Red Man”. The wars against the Indians are seen as just, necessary and natural.

Otherwise, I was mostly struck by the melancholy, pessimistic streak in this magazine. There are a lot of statements like this one: “Happiness is only evident to us in this life by deliverance from evil; we have not real and positive good. Happy is he who sees the day! said a blind man; but a man who sees clearly does not say so. Happy is he who is healthy! said an invalid; when he is well he does not feel the happiness of health.” Another example: “Bonaparte's house at Longwood, St.Helena, is now a barn. The room he died in, a stable, and where the imperial corpse laid in state, may be found a machine for grinding corn.” Was this jaded outlook on life typical of the antebellum Kentucky high society?

Not sure how to rate this peculiar institution, but in the end, only two stars!
And no bars.

Saturday, August 25, 2018

Bats in the belfry? Or owls in the barn?




"Monsters of the UFO: The Incident at Kelly" is a documentary about one of the most fascinating “close encounter” UFO cases. In 1955, the Sutton family's homestead in Kelly, Kentucky was attacked – or approached – by a group of mysterious beings who left the premises only after being literally shot at. An unidentified flying object had been spotted earlier in the afternoon.

“The battle at Sutton's farm” (or the Kelly-Hopkinsville encounter) soon made national headline news in the United States, and have been mentioned in countless UFO books since. Of course, the sceptics refuse to believe that aliens or goblins were involved, instead blaming everything on the inevitable owls (this time the Great Horned Owl rather than the Barn Owl). Yeah, sure, that's what happened, LOL.

As for this documentary, it's an interesting summary of the case from a “believer” perspective, but unfortunately the amateur actors who dramatize the events are rather bad and look like stereotyped hillbillies. I almost down-sized my rating to two stars due to this hoot, but eventually I give it three. The program ends with information about new encounters in the area, including lights in triangular formation and a hooded humanoid…

Well, at least *that* can't be an owl. Perhaps it's Batman?

Wednesday, August 22, 2018

The hunt for the Midnight Whistler



You need a very special sense of humor to enjoy “Mountain Monsters”, a super-scripted satire monster show. A band of bearded brothers (think Duck Dynasty without the homophobia), an elderly “war veteran” and a crazy hippy unite somewhere in Kentucky, hunting the “Midnight Whistler”, supposedly the only Bigfoot creature that's nocturnal and live in caves (and eat mushrooms)…

The re-enactments of the “hunt” are pretty funny, if you are a fan of “Finding Bigfoot” and have a large dose of self-irony. I mean, even the music and the cliff-hangers are ripped from Animal Planet's “serious” show about the hairy hominid. Being a bit groggy after a beer (or after the annual switch to daylight savings time) probably helps, too. Kids around the age of 6 or 7 might also like this, but watch out, they might think it's for real and start getting funny ideas about what's *really* going on around the house at night…and what they could do about it!

Responsible adult tax-payers with respectable day jobs need not apply.

Friday, August 3, 2018

Community, freedom and...ahem...sex



Wendell Berry is a prolific writer from Kentucky. After a period of scholarly activity, Berry returned to his native state and became a farmer. He is also a member of the Temenos Academy, a Traditionalist group based in Britain and sponsored by Prince Charles.

"Sex, Economy, Freedom and Community" is a collection of essays written during the early 1990's. Berry is difficult to place politically, and ironically refers to himself as an "anthropobiotheo-interpenetretist" and "gastrointeroenvironmentalist" (!!). Green conservative Christian would perhaps be a more mundane description.

Berry calls for a kind of land ethic similar to that of Aldo Leopold, in which humans are seen as part of a larger community, encompassing nature and wildlife as well. He calls for self-sustaining, small rural communities to replace the present industrial civilization. Globalization and free market liberalism are rejected, as are Communism and any system based on industrialism and centralization (although he has a soft spot for government price regulations, if they aid farmers). Berry believes that large cities such as New York or Phoenix aren't sustainable. He also criticizes the idea that "thinking globally" can change the world for the better: only thinking and acting locally will do. Community is a central concept to Berry, who believes neither in state centralization nor complete individualism.

The author criticizes really existing Christianity for being anti-environment, but believes that the Bible (if properly interpreted) means care for all of Creation and opposition to greedy accumulation of wealth. In effect, Berry wants to "Green" the Bible. He criticizes the Gnostic notion that we are good spirits trapped in an evil material world, since this could lead to indifference towards environmental destruction (why bother if the world is evil?). Rather, Berry wants us to affirm Creation as a whole, including the seemingly useless or dangerous parts. There does seem to be a hint of pantheism or "panentheism" in the author's thinking, since Berry believes that all of Creation is somehow divine due to the immanent presence of God's spirit.

The worst essay in this collection is "Sex, Economy, Freedom and Community" (also the title of the entire book). It contains a truly conservative and somewhat bizarre idealization of life long monogamous marriage and the mysteries of sex (who apparently can be enjoyed only within monogamous marriage). Of course, the spiritualization of sex craved by the author has never existed anywhere in the world, and is simply a fig leaf for patriarchy.

But then, what else to expect from a Traditionalist? (They aren't "traditional" enough. Neolithic societies were women-centred!)

That being said, Wendell Berry's book can nevertheless be read as an introduction to a form of environmentalism and anti-globalism more far-reaching than usual.