Saturday, November 2, 2019

The dark Middle Ages and other myths



A review of “Atlantis och andra myter” by Dick Harrison.

Dick Harrison is a history professor. In this book, unfortunately only available in Swedish, he takes on “Atlantis and other myths”. The book is widely available in Sweden. Somewhat ironically, I bought it from the same bookstore where I also picked up “The Occult Book” by John Michael Greer.

I expected Harrison´s little book (167 pages) to be basic bitch debunking, but it´s actually quite interesting. I learned a lot from it in the day it took me to read it. Topics covered include the Old Testament, Greek myths such as Atlantis or the travails of Herakles, Roman propaganda (often against the very emperors of Rome), various popular fairytales, and the inevitable Middle Ages. Only a few chapters deal with modern urban legends, or supposed urban legends, such as the Bermuda Triangle, the Loch Ness monster, Roswell, and so on. While Harrison is, surprise, a skeptic, he does dare to say “we really don´t know” more often than the more militantly cock sure type often found in cyberspace. But then, Harrison is notorious for saying “we don´t know” even when commenting standard history, and he doesn´t seem to believe in Grand Narratives or Theories about The Course of History. I admit that I sometimes find this annoying, but perhaps not as annoying as I did 15 years ago or so, when I residually believed in a certain Grand Narrative myself.

In other words, everything is BAU in Harrisonland. :-)

I was surprised to learn that “chastity belts” in most cases are fakes and taken from early modern cabinets of curiosities, and so are the Iron Maidens, although an ancient Spartan king supposedly had a broadly similar device. Apparently, we can also say goodbye to “le droit du seigneur”. Nor is William Tell a real person – I always assumed that he was. I think the Swiss still do! The poppycock about Joseph of Arimathea visiting Glastonbury, which I thought was modern, is actually invented by medieval Christian monks. The story of Jesus visiting England´s mountains´ green is somewhat later, though. (But still not entirely new-new, after all, it´s mentioned by William Blake!) The fairytale of Aladdin and the magic lamp isn´t really from “One Thousand and One Nights” but was added later by an enterprising French translator. In his version, Aladdin was Chinese! Another surprise was that D´Artagnan and the three musketeers are based on real people…well, at least their *names* are. There is very little connection between the real life D´Artagnan and his literary double.

In a book like this, there is going to be some debunking that´s weaker than the rest. Harrison denies that the Phoenicians sacrificed live children to their gods, claiming this is Roman propaganda. If so, it´s curious that a related Semitic people, the land-lubbing Canaanites, were accused of *exactly the same thing* by the Israelites. Why is it so hard to accept child sacrifice as a historical fact? The Aztecs sacrificed people like crazy, and probably ate them, too. But sure, they probably didn´t kill their own children… Harrison´s debunking of Bigfoot doesn´t even mention the Patterson-Gimlin film. He does a good job arguing against Minoan Crete being Atlantis, but seems oblivious to the debate about huge floods at the end of the so-called last Ice Age, not to mention the Younger Dryas impact event. He is brave enough to admit that huge local floods might explain the Deluge myths found all around the worlds, such as the disappearance of Doggerland in the North Sea, or massive flooding in the Black Sea region. Of course, as a good history professor, he doesn´t believe in Plato´s Atlantis.

One thing that struck me when reading the book is that many of our myths about the Middle Ages emerged as a kind of “debunking” of the supposedly superstitious and barking mad medieval society, written by Protestant and Enlightenment propagandists. I found this…ironic, especially since I happen to support the Reformation and the Enlightenment (as far as they went). All the lurid tales about Pope Joan, medieval witch-burnings, crazy people who think the Earth is flat, nobles demanding to sleep with their female serfs on their wedding nights, and so on, are really modern concoctions by supposedly “rational” people. It´s also ironic that witch-burnings were more prevalent during the post-medieval early modern period than during the actual Middle Ages. Harrison wryly points out that the present period has the record in bizarre tales, and that they can spread much faster than ever before thanks to modern mass media and the Internet.

It´s interesting to note which topics Harrison avoids. Of course, it´s a small book, but it *is* intriguing that he doesn´t mention Jesus, since he does debunk the historicity of the Old Testament (or simply say “we don´t know”). There is an entire discourse according to which Jesus probably wasn´t real either. Too hot? And if you *really* don´t like the Middle Ages (or stupid peasants in general), don´t worry, the author has included an entire chapter on folk beliefs in vampires, which is just as blood-curling and bizarre as you would have expected…

Four stars out of five.

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